Reduced T follicular helper function in aged mice is correlated with increased numbers of T regulatory cells (LYM2P.725)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract T follicular helper (TFH) cells are critical for a germinal center response and a robust humoral response. Aging has a profound impact on the formation of a strong humoral/germinal center response, yet the impact of aging on TFH remains unclear. This study explores the effects of aging on TFH transcription factors, which could explain some of the age related germinal center defects. During influenza infection, young mice exhibit a very robust IgG response, which is significantly reduced in aged mice. Initial studies showed that there are no differences in the number of flu-specific TFH (CXCR5hi PD-1hi) during the course of the infection, as determined using MHC class II NP tetramer. To determine transcription factor expression and localization of TFH, we performed multicolor flow cytometry and confocal microscopy on spleens from these mice. There was no difference in BCL6 expression in young and aged flu-specific TFH. But, strikingly, flu-specific BCL6hi TFH from aged mice had increased co-expression of Foxp3, characteristic of T follicular regulatory cells, a critical controller of germinal center responses. We are currently exploring the contribution of whether the differences in TFH transcription factor expression are intrinsic to aged CD4+ T cells or are a result of the aged microenvironment. These results strongly suggest that aging has a dramatic impact on transcription factor expression in CD4 T cells, which can influence the establishment of a robust immune response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".