Hospital-acquired gastroenteritis at a referral hospital in Gaborone, Botswana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Hospital-acquired infections, including hospital-acquired gastroenteritis (HAGE), are well documented in Western countries but little is known about these infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim: To determine the incidence of and explore modifiable risk factors for HAGE. Methods: A prospective cohort study of children 72 hours after admission or upon admission after recent discharge for a non-GE illness. Children were followed until discharge to ascertain therapies used and adverse outcomes. Enteric pathogens were identified by multiplex PCR. Findings: Virtually all of the 32 children with HAGE were < 2 years (n=30, 94%) and most were male (n=19, 59%). Few had HIV infection (n=6, 19%), severe malnutrition (n=8, 25%), or a history of vitamin A use in the past 6 months (n=2, 6%). The mean monthly incidence of HAGE was 2.3 per 1000 patient days, and associated with the monthly number of community-acquired gastroenteritis (CAGE) admissions (IRR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.04, p=0.025). A stool pathogen was detected in 15/27 (56%) children, including norovirus (n=7, 26%) and rotavirus (n=5, 18%). Most children received oral rehydration solution (n=26, 81%), or IV fluids (n=9, 28%). Antibiotics were administered to 5 (16%) children. Two (6%) children with HAGE were admitted to the ICU and 4 (12%) died. Conclusions: We found HAGE was relatively common and associated with severe outcomes. The monthly incidence of HAGE was associated with CAGE admissions. Common pathogens included norovirus and rotavirus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".