Thermal effects on yielding and wetting-induced collapse of recompacted and intact loess
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Yielding and wetting-induced collapse are two important interrelated aspects of unsaturated loess behaviour. Previous studies on loess were generally conducted under a single temperature condition. The principal objective of this study is to investigate thermal effects on yielding and wetting-induced collapse of recompacted and intact loess. Isotropic compression tests were carried out to determine yield stress at different suctions (0 and 100 kPa) and temperatures (5, 23, and 50 °C). Moreover, wetting tests were conducted at various temperatures and stresses. Results of the wetting tests were interpreted using the measured yield stress at various suctions and temperatures. It is found that yield stress decreases with decreasing suction (wetting-induced softening). The wetting-induced softening of recompacted loess is more significant at a higher temperature. The observed thermal effects on wetting-induced softening are likely because with decreasing suction, the stabilizing interparticle normal force decreases more at a higher temperature. In contrast, when the applied stress reaches the yield stress during wetting, yielding and plastic volumetric contraction can be observed. More importantly, wetting-induced contraction of recompacted loess at 50 °C is about three times of that at 5 °C. The larger contraction at 50 °C is mainly because the wetting-induced softening is larger at a higher temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".