Centrifuge modeling of geotechnical mitigation measures for shallow foundations subjected to reverse faulting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surface fault ruptures are particularly damaging to buildings, lifelines, and bridges located across or adjacent to active faults. These structures should be designed in consideration of surface fault rupture hazards or strategies should be adopted to protect the structures from fault-induced damage. Geotechnical mitigation strategies such as diversion of the fault rupture away from the structure and diffusion of the rupture over a wide zone are possible strategies. The effectiveness of these geotechnical mitigation measures for reverse faulting on shallow embedded foundations was investigated using a series of centrifuge tests. These measures included excavation of a vertical trench adjacent to the foundation and installation of geogrid layers beneath the foundation. The trench was shown to be effective for a range of foundation positions depending on the magnitude of the fault offset, dip angle of the fault, depth of the trench, embedment depth of the foundation, and the number of trenches used. The geogrid layers prevented a distinct fault rupture from reaching the surface and spread fault displacement over a wider zone, but were unable to mitigate the surface fault rupture hazard for shallow embedded foundations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".