Doppler estimation for aeronautical satellite OFDM system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Air traffic and on-board data access services are expected to have tremendous growth, possibly even exponentially in the near future. In order to meet these challenges, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can be deployed to enable the increased usage of broadband services on-board. The Doppler effect is one of the major issues in implementing OFDM modulation in aeronautical satellite communication systems since the received carrier frequency shifts and Doppler spread result in inter-carrier interference (ICI). In this paper, we evaluate the Doppler frequency estimation using the parametric method, and Angle of Arrival technique (AoA) to reduce the impact of Doppler on system performance. A model of an aeronautical satellite channel is presented for the evaluation. The MUSIC, Eigenvector and Minimum Norm algorithms are used to estimate the sub-carriers' shift of the received OFDM symbol. We found that both the parametric method and Angle of arrival estimation can be combined as potential approach to reduce the effect of ICI in the aeronautical satellite environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".