Local and systemic effects of a silver nitrate coated indwelling pleural catheter in an animal model of pleurodesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of the study: This study assessed the safety and potential toxicity of a silver nitrate coated indwelling pleural catheter (SNCIPC) designed to create pleurodesis in a large animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen animals underwent insertion of either a SNCIPC or an uncoated silicone catheter. Half of the animals were sacrificed at day 7 and the others at day 30. Animal weight and assessment of well-being, pleural fluid and blood collection were performed at regular intervals. Pleurodesis was assessed at necropsy and histopathological examination of organs performed. RESULTS: No mortality or significant clinical findings were observed throughout the experiment. SNCIPC treated animals had increased pleural fluid drainage overall (p < 0.001) and specifically on days 1-4. No differences in hemoglobin, white blood cell count or neutrophil counts were detected between groups. No treatment related histological findings were observed in any of the evaluated tissues outside of the treated area. Serum silver levels in SNCIPC catheter treated animals peaked on Day 4 (0.185 μg/mL, 30 day group) then gradually decreased for the remainder of the study period. The highest tissue silver concentrations were noted in the SNCIPC groups in tissues close to the treatment site in addition to the liver (59.8ug/g +/- 8.6 and 73.3ug/g +/- 25). Pleurodesis scores were significantly higher in SNCIPC treated animals for both the 7 day (median 6.5 vs. 1.0, p = 0.029) and 30 day cohorts (median 7.0 vs. 1.5, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: SNCIPC are well tolerated and not associated with any significant signs of toxicity. Silver levels were elevated in local tissues, serum and liver but without evidence of pathological impact. Effective pleurodesis was present by day 7 and more established by day 30. Clinical studies to investigate the safety and efficacy of this device in patients with malignant pleural effusions appear warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".