Ultra-Broadband I/Q RF-DAC Transmitters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An ultra-broadband I/Q RF-DAC digital wireless transmitter architecture is proposed for 5G terminals and base stations. Broadband 1-32-GHz and tuned 20-32-GHz 2×6-bit versions of the transmitter were designed and manufactured in a production 45-nm SOI CMOS technology. They feature a process-and-temperature invariant quadrature phase generator with less than 1.4° phase error from 1 to 32 GHz, and a series-stacked, gate-segmented 2×6-bit I/Q RF-DAC. The transistor-level schematics of each block, and novel series-differential inductors for broadband common-mode rejection and differential-mode bandwidth extension are described in detail. The tuned transmitter prototype with transformer-coupled output stage achieved 19.9-dBm output power with record data rates of up to 30 Gbit/s and 24.6-pJ/bit efficiency in the 20-32-GHz range using QPSK, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, and 64-QAM modulation formats. The measured output power of the broadband transmitter is 18.4 dBm and remains larger than 13 dBm from 1 to 32 GHz. On-die generation of 16-QAM, 32-QAM, and 64-QAM modulated carriers at data rates of up to 20, 15, and 6 Gbit/s, respectively, was demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".