From Hearing to Heresy: The Temporary Slavery Commission, the Congregational Church, and the Foundations of Anti-Colonial Organizing in Angola
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article offers a narrative of the effects of transnational work spurred on by the League of Nations in Geneva. It begins with the Report on Employment of Native Labor in Portuguese Africa, which was presented to the League of Nation's Temporary Slavery Commission in 1925. From there the story moves to Angola where the Portuguese government attacked Congregational Missions, missionaries, and Angolan protestants who were perceived to be involved in the Report's production. Despite this violence, Angolans flocked to mission schools and churches in numbers that far outpaced the ability of foreign missionaries to meet demand. As a result, Angolan pastors and teachers took the helm in spreading mission activities into villages and areas where services were requested. By the 1960s, these Angolan-controlled networks would become important organizing centres for anti-colonial resistance. This article argues for the importance of the Angolans' reactions to state oppression during the interwar years and how it contributed to the post-World War II, anti-colonial revolution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".