PRIMARY PUBLIC SCHOOL IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE LAST QUARTER OF THE XIX CENTURY AS A VECTOR OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the popular schooling reform which touched upon Russian elementary schools. The appearance of the elementary schools (among them ‒ elementary people’s schools, rural schools, reading and writing schools, labor schools, church schools, Sunday schools) caused the increase of the literacy of the children who belonged to the low class population. Now they had a good chance to learn reading and writing and to get some elementary scientific knowledge. The children also learnt the church subjects: Religion, the Sacred History, and Church Music. They developed the moral qualities in children. Except schools, which the children of the low class visited, the teachers’ schools were created in Russia where the specialists for the work in these schools were trained. The author of the article also concerns the importance of the county which financed the elementary schools and took part in the organization of these schools. The church and Sunday schools were created at the expense of the local church communities. They were under control of the Orthodox Department. But the pupils of these schools taught both church and general subjects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".