The association between pediatric chronic pain clinic attendance and health care utilization: A retrospective analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pediatric chronic pain is common, disabling, and costly. Children with chronic pain have high health care utilization in that they are seen by multiple health care providers, have frequent emergency room visits, and require many diagnostic tests. Pediatric health care utilization relating to direct health care services and associated costs of attendance at chronic pain clinics in Canada has not been well described. AIM: The purpose of this project was to analyze the cost of physician services for individuals attending an interprofessional pediatric chronic pain clinic over an 8-year span including years before, during, and after treatment. METHODS: Physician claims were extracted from the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) Claims History Database and retrospectively reviewed over 8 fiscal years for 100 new patients seen at the Chronic Pain Clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children. The utilization metrics analyzed included physician consultations and follow-up appointments, emergency room visits, lab tests, and diagnostic imaging. These data reflected 2 years prior to the first chronic pain clinic appointment, year of initial appointment, and five subsequent years. RESULTS: Health care utilization based on OHIP claims related to physician services and cost analysis showed an increase during the 2 years prior to first chronic pain clinic appointment, a decrease during the year of initial appointment, and a further decrease over the subsequent 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Further prospective research is required to establish whether attendance at the chronic pain clinic caused the reduction in health care services and costs and, if so, to identify the effective components of treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".