Enhanced adsorption of xylenol orange from aqueous solutions by polyethylenimine‐grafted chitosan microspheres
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract To enhance the adsorption performance, chitosan microspheres (CS–MSs) were grafted with polyethylenimine (PEI), a cationic compound with abundant amine groups. The resulting PEI‐grafted CS–MSs (PEI–CS–MSs) were used for the adsorption of xylenol orange (XO), an anionic dye. The results show that PEI–CS–MSs were in regular spherical shape without porous structure. XO molecules were adsorbed onto the amine groups of PEI–CS–MSs through electrostatic interaction. The maximum adsorption capacity of XO onto PEI–CS–MSs was 816.33 mg/g at 303 K, being much higher than that onto CS–MSs. The adsorption process could be properly described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic and Langmuir models. The adsorption of XO was a spontaneous process with exothermic nature. In addition, the adsorption capacity only decreased by 0.52 % after seven cycles of adsorption‐desorption, indicating the excellent reusability of PEI–CS–MSs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".