Rietveld analysis for studying the decarburisation in HVOF WC–CO coatings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quantitative X-Ray analysis was used to quantify the phase content generated by the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) process following the decarburisation of WC–Co coatings. Rietveld analysis was used to quantify the different phases present. Particular attention has been made to identifying the sequence of formation of the different species, namely: during flight of the powders towards the substrate and/or during the solidification and cooling step on the substrate. The results show that decarburisation is influenced by the thermal history of the particles in flight. In particular, more W 2 C and W are generated with increasing spray distance indicating an increase WC decarburisation. During the coating building-up, new nanosized compounds (W 3 Co 3 C and W 6 Co 6 C) were generated. These compounds, at the reverse of W 2 C and W phases, decrease with the stand-off distance. Correlations are established between the mechanical properties (microhardness and crack propagation resistance) and the content of the phases determined from the Rietveld analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".