Rietveld analysis for studying the decarburisation in HVOF WC–CO coatings
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quantitative X-Ray analysis was used to quantify the phase content generated by the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) process following the decarburisation of WC–Co coatings. Rietveld analysis was used to quantify the different phases present. Particular attention has been made to identifying the sequence of formation of the different species, namely: during flight of the powders towards the substrate and/or during the solidification and cooling step on the substrate. The results show that decarburisation is influenced by the thermal history of the particles in flight. In particular, more W 2 C and W are generated with increasing spray distance indicating an increase WC decarburisation. During the coating building-up, new nanosized compounds (W 3 Co 3 C and W 6 Co 6 C) were generated. These compounds, at the reverse of W 2 C and W phases, decrease with the stand-off distance. Correlations are established between the mechanical properties (microhardness and crack propagation resistance) and the content of the phases determined from the Rietveld analysis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it