Physical activity of young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or autism spectrum disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Young people with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are less likely to engage in physical activity (PA) than typically developing individuals, which influences symptoms and wellbeing. The present study explored PA rates among individuals with ADHD and/or ASD via secondary data analysis of The Child and Youth Mental Health (ChYMH) assessment and the Child and Youth Mental Health Instrument for Developmental Disabilities (ChYMH-DD). This study utilized ChYMH/ChYMH-DD data collected between 2013 and 2016 from individuals aged 4 TO 18 years. Young people with provisional diagnoses of AHDH (n=931, Mage=11.68 years ± 3.49), ASD (n=163, Mage=12.24 years ± 3.38), or dual diagnosis (n=151, Mage=12.17 years ± 3.00) were included. The "total hours of exercise or PA" measure indicated that 63.7% (ADHD), 47.2% (ASD), and 47.7% (dual) of young people achieved less than 3 hours of PA over a three-day period. Spearman's rho found that increasing PA was negatively correlated with the following: age, cognitive skills, communication, distractibility/hyperactivity, and sensory difficulties. Conversely, PA was positively correlated with involvement in extracurricular activities, clubs/teams, and family recreation. PA was more common in males than females and in children than youth, which is reflective of typically developing individuals. This study found that over 50% of young people failed to reach 60 minutes of PA at any level per day. More research is needed to determine the intensity and type of PA, why increased symptom severity was associated with higher rates of PA, and causality of PA behaviours in those with ADHD and/or ASD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".