An ethylene glycol-based new sol-gel route to multiferroic (1–<i>x</i>)LaCrO<sub>3</sub>–<i>x</i>BiCrO<sub>3</sub> solid solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solid solution of multiferroic (1–x)LaCrO3–xBiCrO3 has been synthesized in the perovskite structure via a new sol-gel route using ethylene glycol as solvent. This synthetic process proved to be superior to the solid state reaction method, with a lower formation temperature, improved reactivity, and a higher solubility limit. The complex chemical reactions taking place in the sol and precursor powder upon heating are investigated by simultaneous thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA). The substitution of BiCrO3 for LaCrO3 results in a higher density for the ceramics and an increased electric conductivity at high temperatures. The sol-gel synthesized La1−xBixCrO3 solid solution (x = 0.3) exhibits a superparaelectric behaviour with a slim and nonlinear polarization – electric field hysteresis loop, whereas a double hysteresis loop of antiferroelectric appearance is displayed in the compound with x = 0.4.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".