An ethylene glycol-based new sol-gel route to multiferroic (1–<i>x</i>)LaCrO<sub>3</sub>–<i>x</i>BiCrO<sub>3</sub> solid solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solid solution of multiferroic (1–x)LaCrO 3 –xBiCrO 3 has been synthesized in the perovskite structure via a new sol-gel route using ethylene glycol as solvent. This synthetic process proved to be superior to the solid state reaction method, with a lower formation temperature, improved reactivity, and a higher solubility limit. The complex chemical reactions taking place in the sol and precursor powder upon heating are investigated by simultaneous thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA). The substitution of BiCrO 3 for LaCrO 3 results in a higher density for the ceramics and an increased electric conductivity at high temperatures. The sol-gel synthesized La 1− x Bi x CrO 3 solid solution (x = 0.3) exhibits a superparaelectric behaviour with a slim and nonlinear polarization – electric field hysteresis loop, whereas a double hysteresis loop of antiferroelectric appearance is displayed in the compound with x = 0.4.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".