Microstructural evolution of cement pastes blended with two types of volcanic materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents results of a research about the effect to incorporate Colombian volcanic materials as a replacement of ordinary Portland cement on its hydration process.For this particular case were used Tolima volcanic material (TVM) and Puracé volcanic material (PVM).Pastes with 100% ordinary Portland cement and blended cement pastes containing 20% by of weight volcanic materials were prepared.The monitoring and identification of the hydration characteristics were carried out using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 7, 28, 90 and 360 curing days.The results indicated that the main phases of the blended cement pastes containing PVM were ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), which confirmed the pozzolanic activity of this material.The blended cement pastes containing TVM exhibited no significant differences in hydration products compared to the reference pastes, due to its inert nature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".