Profiles of Co-Occurring Difficulties Identified Through School-Based Screening
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: This study used latent class analysis to identify patterns of co-occurrence among common childhood difficulties (inattention/hyperactivity, internalizing, externalizing, peer problems, and reading difficulties). Method: Parents and teachers of 501 children ages 6 to 9 provided mental health and social ratings, and children completed a reading task. Results: Four latent classes were identified in the analysis of parent ratings and reading: one with inattention/hyperactivity, externalizing, peer problems, and internalizing difficulties; one with inattention/hyperactivity and reading difficulties; one with internalizing and peer problems; and one normative class. The analysis of teacher ratings and reading also identified four latent classes: one with inattention/hyperactivity and externalizing, one with inattention/hyperactivity and reading difficulties, one with internalizing problems, and one normative class. Children in latent classes characterized by one or more difficulties were more impaired than children in the normative latent class 1 year later. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for multifaceted interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".