Influence of Manure Type and Bedding Material on Carbon Content of Particulate Organic Matter in Feedlot Amendments Using <sup>13</sup>C NMR-DPMAS
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Feedlots in southern Alberta apply composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) manure with straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding to cropland, but few studies have examined the effect of manure type and bedding material on carbon composition of these feedlot amendments prior to land application using solid-state 13C NMR-DPMAS (nuclear magnetic resonance-direct polarization, magic angle spinning). The particulate organic matter fraction was extracted from four amendment treatments (CM-ST, CM-WD, SM-ST, SM-WD) to avoid possible paramagnetic interference from considerable mineral soil in the manure from the unpaved feedlot. The hypothesis was that O-alkyl C of POM should be lower for more decomposed manure types (CM than SM) and bedding materials (ST than WD), and that alkyl C, aromatic C, carboxyl C, aromaticity, and alkyl:O-alkyl (A:O-A) ratio should be greater for the more decomposed amendments. The C composition of all feedlot amendments was dominated by aromatic C (8%–14%) and O-alkyl (7%–14%) C and had considerable less contribution from carboxyl (2%–4%) and alkyl C (1%–3%). The manure type hypothesis was supported for O-alkyl C (but not for the other three C groups), aromaticity, but not the A:O-A ratio. The bedding hypothesis was supported for O-alkyl C, aromaticity, and A:O-A ratio, but not for alkyl C, aromatic C, and carboxyl C. A decrease in O-alkyl C, increase in aromaticity, and increase in A:O-A ratio (bedding only) with more decomposed manure types or bedding materials suggested that these 13C NMR parameters may have potential to evaluate the maturity and stability of composted feedlot manures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it