Bibliographic record
Abstract
Le systeme d’echange de quotas d’emission de gaz a effet de serre, mis en place par l’Union europeenne en 2005, implique des transferts de milliards d’euros, non seulement entre les entreprises, mais aussi entre secteur prive et secteur public, et entre riches et pauvres. Que sait-on aujourd’hui des effets du plus grand marche de quotas environnementaux au monde ? Frank Venmans presente la synthese d’une centaine d’articles scientifiques consacres a l’efficacite economique et environnementale du marche de quotas de CO2. Apres un bref historique du marche europeen, l’auteur en presente les enjeux les plus controverses : la sur-allocation des quotas et la diminution des emissions de CO2 par les entreprises. Il synthetise les conclusions des scientifiques sur les consequences, non anticipees a l’epoque, du systeme mis en place : la fuite de carbone, les effets nefastes des allocations gratuites, la difficulte des mesures d’ajustement aux frontieres, l’impact du marche carbone sur l’innovation et son effet sur la distribution des revenus. Il recadre ainsi le debat sur le choix entre taxe carbone ou systeme de quotas echangeables. Enfin, l’equilibre des prix, la question de la reglementation directe et le role des responsables politiques sont discutes dans le cadre d’une vision de long terme, fondee sur la necessite d’en finir avec les emissions de carbone sans attendre l’epuisement des energies fossiles.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".