Evaluating the Use of Phenylacetonitrile Plus Acetic Acid to Monitor<i>Pandemis pyrusana</i>and<i>Cydia pomonella</i>(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Apple
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that key herbivore-induced foliage volatiles from apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosaceae), can be attractive to conspecific adult male and female tortricid leafrollers when used together with acetic acid lures. Our study reported here was conducted in Washington State during 2013–2014 and assessed the attractiveness of both sexes of the leafroller, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to blends of acetic acid with phenylacetonitrile. Interestingly, traps baited with phenylacetonitrile plus acetic acid caught significantly more males, females, and total moths than the number of males caught in traps baited with a commercial sex pheromone lure. The evaporation rate of the acetic acid co-lure was shown to be an important factor affecting catches of P. pyrusana with phenylacetonitrile. Adding phenylacetonitrile to traps baited with pear ester, ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate and acetic acid significantly reduced both total and female moth catches of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). However, neither C. pomonella nor P. pyrusana catch were impacted when phenylacetonitrile and acetic acid were added to traps baited with pear ester plus (E, E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, the sex pheromone of codling moth. These results support our broader work to develop lures to improve monitoring and management of a number of tortricid pests attacking horticultural crops worldwide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".