High temperature characterization of piezoelectric lithium niobate using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy resonance method
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials reversibly deform when exposed to an electric field. This property is indispensable to modern engineering devices, enabling a wide range of sensors and actuators. However, unfortunately conventional piezoelectric materials are limited to operating temperatures of below approximately 200 °C. Lithium niobate is a promising candidate for high temperature applications (above 500 °C), as it has a high Curie temperature (1200 °C) and good piezoelectric properties. Nevertheless, degradation mechanisms occurring at elevated temperatures are not fully understood, although they are known to interfere with the piezoelectric behavior. In addition, the material properties of this technologically promising ceramic have not been adequately characterized at high temperatures, particularly when excited at high frequencies, due to the difficulty of performing such measurements. We therefore employ an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy resonance method using a novel analytical model to determine the material properties of single crystal lithium niobate over the wide frequency range of 100 kHz to 7 MHz for temperatures up to 750 °C. We find that lithium niobate retains its good piezoelectric properties over this entire frequency and temperature range and rules out suspected degradation mechanisms involving ionic conductivity or vacancy diffusion.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it