How seasonal forcing influences the complexity of a predator-prey system
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Almost all population communities are strongly influenced by their seasonally varying living environments. We investigate the influence of seasons on populations via a periodically forced predator-prey system with a nonmonotonic functional response. We study four seasonality mechanisms via a continuation technique. When the natural death rate is periodically varied, we get six different bifurcation diagrams corresponding to different bifurcation cases of the unforced system. If the carrying capacity is periodic, two different bifurcation diagrams are obtained. Here we cannot get a 'universal diagram' like the one in the periodically forced system with monotonic Holling type Ⅱ functional response; that is, the two elementary seasonality mechanisms have different effects on the population. When both the natural death rate and the carrying capacity are forced with two different seasonality mechanisms, the phenomena that arise are to some extent different. The bifurcation results also show that each seasonality mechanism can display complex dynamics such as multiple attractors including stable cycles of different periods, quasi-periodic solutions, chaos, switching between these attractors and catastrophic transitions. In addition, we give some orbits in phase space and corresponding Poincaré sections to illustrate different attractors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it