Vector Parabolic Equation-Based Derivation of Rectangular Waveguide Surrogate Models of Arched Tunnels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Radio-wave propagation in tunnels and mines can be qualitatively understood by representing these environments as overmoded waveguides. Waveguide models are fast and intuitive, but the accurate prediction of the propagation characteristics of realistic geometries is beyond their scope. Such predictions can be derived by computationally intensive techniques, such as ray-tracing and vector parabolic equation (VPE) methods. This paper combines the two approaches, to extract surrogate models of arched tunnels in the form of rectangular waveguides. The parameters of the latter are optimized to match their propagation characteristics to those of the original arched tunnel, as predicted by the VPE method. The accuracy and limitations of these surrogate models are thoroughly evaluated. Their practical usefulness is demonstrated in an application where they are iteratively used, in lieu of the original computationally costly arched tunnel model, to optimally distribute the access points of an in-tunnel wireless communication system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".