Imagining Andalusia: Race, Translation, and the Early Critical Reception of Federico García Lorca in the U.S.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A través del estudio de las primeras traducciones de la obra de Federico García Lorca al inglés, este artículo analiza la imagen de Andalucía, con su herencia africana y árabe, en los Estados Unidos. Al examinar una selección de reseñas que aparecieron en las revistas literarias americanas entre 1929 y 1936, demuestro que los elementos andaluces de la obra de Lorca llevaron en ocasiones a que el público estadounidense creara estereotipos de la cultura española como racialmente diferente, lo cual afectó la recepción crítica de la obra temprana de Lorca en inglés. Palabras clave: García Lorca, raza, traducción, Andalucía, recepción crítica This article examines the perception of Andalusia, with its African and Arabic past, in the United States by using a case study that analyzes the early English translations of Federico García Lorca’s work. Through a selection of reviews appearing in American literary magazines between 1929 and 1936, I show that the Andalusian elements of Lorca’s poems and plays at times caused the American public to stereotype Spanish culture as racially different, thus affecting the critical success of his early work in English translation. Keywords: García Lorca, race, translation, Andalusia, critical reception
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".