Bibliographic record
Abstract
The teenage brain, as many parents may attest, is amazing yet hard to fathom."What were they thinking?!" is a frequent complaint.Adolescents have increased risk-taking, impulsivity, emotional turmoil, and novelty-seeking behavior compared to adults.Some of the erratic behavior is blamed on "raging hormones."What the authors of the reviews of this issue all agree is that the teenage brain is undergoing an important and dramatic transition that leaves it vulnerable to a number of environmental influences that can push it into a negative trajectory.One review alerts us to the fact that the blood-brain barrier, that protects the brain from toxins, is still maturing until the age of 20 or more.Also, take care if the largely beneficial neurohormone melatonin is being considered for therapy for adolescents, because it may interfere with the pubertal changes in the brain.The environment of the teenage/adolescent brain is challenged with increasing independence from parental and school system influences.The social influences that a teenager is more receptive to are peer pressures and the media, which are not necessarily advantageous influences.The teen years are when exposure to marijuana, alcohol, and illicit drugs first begins.Marijuana is becoming legalized state-bystate for use in the USA, whether for medicinal or recreational purposes, and most teenagers believe it to be harmless.Several authors point to significant changes in brain structure and function after exposure to these substances, including marijuana, in adolescence.The authors also provide answers to help navigate through these vulnerable years to achieve a positive trajectory, for example avoid alcohol, junk food, energy drinks, and drugs, and engage in exercise and get adequate sleep.Just what mom has always said!The authors warn us that consumption of alcohol, junk food, energy drinks, drugs, and a combination of these can interfere with the dynamic remodeling of the adolescent brain.Some of these negative effects can persist into adulthood and result in permanent neurobehavioral deficits.This vulnerability of the teenage brain is much greater than for the fully mature adult brain.On the positive side, the teenage brain is resilient and, in the right environment that includes physical exercise, a healthy
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.042 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".