An Ultra Low-Voltage Low-Power Capacitance-to-Digital Converter for Wirelessly Powered Intraocular Pressure Sensor
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-power and low-voltage capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC) for a wirelessly powered intraocular pressure (IOP) sensor. To minimize power consumption and enable operation with ultra low voltages, a CDC is designed based on a ΔΣ modulation using the inverter amplifier operating in the deep-subthreshold region as integrator amplifiers. The CDC, implemented in 0.13 μm CMOS process and tested in a pressure chamber with MEMS capacitive sensors, obtains an integral nonlinearity of 2.1 mmHg (corresponding to 1.25 fF) over a range of 0-70 mmHg above ambient only consuming 30 nW from a 325-mV supply. This paper presents the highest reported capacitive resolution, the lowest reported power and operating voltage for CDC used with IOP measurement, obtaining a 4.5× reduction in operating voltage and a 3.7× reduction in power consumption over existing state-of-the-art.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it