Production of YY Supermale and XY Physiological Female Common Carp for Potential Eradication of this Invasive Species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The common carp, Cyprinus carpio , is the third most cultivated freshwater species worldwide, but is also considered an invasive species. The Trojan Y chromosome strategy is one of the most promising methods to eradicate this invasive species. However, obtaining fertile YY supermale (MYY) and YY physiological female (FYY) common carp was thought to be very difficult. The present study focused on the production of androgenetic MYY and XY physiological female (FXY) common carp. We first optimized the conditions for artificially induced androgenesis. The results indicated that the optimum ultraviolet (UV) exposure time was 4 min at an irradiation distance of 26 cm and the optimum initiation time with heat shock (40 ± 0.5 C for 2 min) was 30 min after fertilization. Then, we produced androgenetic MYY Yellow River carp with only paternal inheritance, which were viable and identified by paternity testing and test crossing. Finally, we successfully produced FXY Yellow River carp by feeding 60‐d‐old MXY with commercially available feed mixed with 17β‐estradiol (200 mg/kg) and Flutamide (200 mg/kg) for 3 mo. In conclusion, by combining artificially induced androgenesis with an artificially induced sex reversal technique, we could cost‐effectively produce MYY and FXY common carp.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".