Roles of sliding-induced defects and dissociated water molecules on low friction of graphene
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Sliding contact experiments and first-principles calculations were performed to elucidate the roles of structural defects and water dissociative adsorption process on the tribo-chemical mechanisms responsible for low friction of graphene. Sliding friction tests conducted in ambient air and under a dry N 2 atmosphere showed that in both cases a high running-in coefficient of friction (COF) occurred initially but a low steady-state COF was reached only when the sliding was continued in air with moisture. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the energy barrier ( E b ) for dissociative adsorption of H 2 O was significantly lower in case of reconstructed graphene with a monovacancy compared to pristine graphene. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of graphene transferred to the counterface revealed a partly amorphous structure incorporating damaged graphene layers with d-spacings larger than that of the original layers. DFT calculations on the reconstructed bilayer AB graphene systems revealed an increase of d-spacing due to the chemisorption of H, O, and OH at the vacancy sites and a reduction in the interlayer binding energy ( E B ) between the bilayer graphene interfaces compared to pristine graphene. Thus, sliding induced defects facilitated dissociative adsorption of water molecules and reduced COF of graphene for sliding tests under ambient and humid environments but not under an inert atmosphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".