Four colour anti-fascism: postwar narratives and the obfuscation of the Holocaust in East German comics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Foundational narratives of the German Democratic Republic as an anti-fascist state subsumed accounts of Jewish suffering and victimization before and during the Second World War. Though there was little or no outright denial of the Holocaust, this was instead expressed in terms of Marxist class conflict that valorized socialist resistance and the construction of socialism as a bulwark against future western imperialism. This article examines children’s comics published in East Germany during the 1970s and 1980s. Because of shifting Cold War relations, it was necessary that these socialist comics foreground narratives of the war and Holocaust as episodes of anti-fascist resistance to educate children and develop their awareness of socialist class struggle in the face of increasing western influence. These narratives demonstrated socialist experience in a vacuum, undermining the recognition of Jewish claims to victimhood and of (East) German perpetration to buttress the future of the socialist state through children’s education in comics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.019 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".