Microfluidic flow switching <i>via</i> localized acoustic streaming controlled by surface acoustic waves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose an acoustic flow switching device that utilizes high-frequency surface acoustic waves (SAWs) produced by a slanted-finger interdigitated transducer. As the acoustic field induced by the SAWs was attenuated in the fluid, it produced an acoustic streaming flow in the form of a pair of symmetrical microvortices, which induced flow switching between two fluid streams in a controlled manner. The microfluidic device was composed of a piezoelectric substrate attached to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel having an H-shaped junction that connected two fluid streams in the middle. The two immiscible fluids, separated by the PDMS wall, flowed in parallel, briefly came in contact at the junction, and separated again into the downstream microchannels. The acoustic streaming flow induced by the SAWs rotated the fluid streams within the microchannel cross-section, thereby altering the respective positions of the two fluids and directing them into the opposite flow paths. The characteristics of the flow switching mechanism were investigated by tuning the input voltage and the flowrates. On-demand acoustic flow switching was successfully achieved without additional moving parts inside the microchannel. This technique may be useful for fundamental studies that integrate complex experimental platforms into a single chip.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".