Acute diesel exhaust exposure and postural stability: a controlled crossover experiment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent epidemiological evidence connects ambient air pollutants to adverse neurobehavioural effects in adults. In animal models, subchronic controlled exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) have also showed evidence of neuroinflammation. Evidence suggests that DE not only affects outcomes commonly associated with cognitive dysfunction, but also balance impairment. We conducted a controlled human exposure experiment with 28 healthy subjects (average age = 28 years (SD = 7.1; range = 21-49); and 40% female) who were exposed to two conditions, filtered air (FA) and DE (300 μg PM2.5/m3) for 120 min, in a double-blinded crossover study with randomized exposures separated by four weeks. Postural stability was assessed by the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), a brief, easily-administered test of static balance. The BESS consists of a sequence of three stances performed on two surfaces. With hands on hips and eyes closed, each stance is held for 20 s. "Error" points are awarded for deviations from those stances. Pre- and immediately post-exposure BESS "error" point totals were calculated and the difference between the two timepoints were compared for each of the two exposure conditions. A mixed effect model assessed the significance of the association. While our data demonstrates a trend of reduced postural stability in response to exposure to DE, exposure was not significantly associated with BESS value. This is the first study to investigate changes in postural stability as a result of exposure to DE in human subjects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".