NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS AND COW’S MILK ALLERGY: IS THERE AN ASSOCIATION?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. We here report systematic observations of NEC cases in our unit suggesting an increased incidence of cow’s milk allergy (CMA). Method We reviewed all cases of NEC between 2001 and 2006 in our unit. In addition to basic information, elements related to CMA were noted: type of enteral nutrition and eosinophils count. Results 106 patients presented with NEC in the study period; after exclusion of death and major congenital (cardiac and intestinal) anomalies, 70 patients were studied. Mean gestational age at birth (±SD): 29.8±3.6 wks, 37 (53%) born at ⩾30 wks. Male:female ratio: 1.7:1. Age at first episode of NEC: 19±11 days for the whole population but sooner in the ⩾30 wks (14±5 vs 25±9 days). There was no difference in highest eosinophils count between infants diagnosed with vs no CMA (6.2±4.3% vs 5.8±6.3%). 9 infants (13% of the whole population) were discharged home with hydrolysed formula. CMA was noted as a diagnosis in 7 infants, all born at ⩾30 wks, which represents 19% of this subgroup. Conclusions We observe a high incidence of CMA diagnosed by the time of discharge in our population of NEC survivors compared of the incidence of 1 to 3% reported in the literature for general infant population. Furthermore, diagnosis of CMA was found only in relatively older premature infants. Whether CMA is a consequence or a risk factor for NEC remains to be determined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".