Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation of coatings by thermal spray deposition is reviewed. Different thermal spray technologies are described in which powders or wires are melted in a high-temperature gas jet and droplets of molten material (metal, ceramic, or polymer) are accelerated toward a substrate where they impact and spread into thin splats while merging with each other and solidifying to form a dense coating. The shapes of splats determine coating properties such as porosity and adhesion strength: disk-shaped splats produce less porous and stronger coatings than those that fragment after impact. Experiments using both large droplets and those produced by a thermal spray have been used to develop models of droplet impact and predict the shape of splats. The rate of heat transfer from molten droplets to the colder substrate determines the solidification rate and, therefore, splat shape. Thermal contact resistance due to contaminants adsorbed on the surface limits heat transfer between the splat and substrate. Preheating a substrate before applying a thermal spray coating removes adsorbed contaminants, reduces splat fragmentation, decreases porosity, and enhances adhesion strength.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".