Femtosecond Laser Microfabricated Optofluidic Grating Refractometer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel femtosecond laser microfabricated optofluidic grating is proposed and demonstrated in this letter, which realizes the measurement of refractive index of liquid. The diffraction grating is fabricated with an epoxy-based negative photoresist (SU-8) on glass substrate by femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization and bonded with a polydimethylsiloxane microchannel, for which the transmission spectrum can be modulated by changing the refractive index of the liquid flowing in the microchannel. Experimental observation on the shift of the transmission peak wavelength indicates that the sensitivity of the diffraction grating is higher for a lower-order mode or a thicker grating, i.e., blue-shifted peak wavelength with a magnitude of 3.586 × 103μm per refractive index unit for the second-order mode of the grating with a thickness of 3.60 μm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".