Femtosecond Laser Microfabricated Optofluidic Grating Refractometer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel femtosecond laser microfabricated optofluidic grating is proposed and demonstrated in this letter, which realizes the measurement of refractive index of liquid. The diffraction grating is fabricated with an epoxy-based negative photoresist (SU-8) on glass substrate by femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization and bonded with a polydimethylsiloxane microchannel, for which the transmission spectrum can be modulated by changing the refractive index of the liquid flowing in the microchannel. Experimental observation on the shift of the transmission peak wavelength indicates that the sensitivity of the diffraction grating is higher for a lower-order mode or a thicker grating, i.e., blue-shifted peak wavelength with a magnitude of 3.586 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> μm per refractive index unit for the second-order mode of the grating with a thickness of 3.60 μm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".