Electrokinetic Motion of an Oil Droplet Attached to a Water–Air Interface from Below
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The electrokinetic motion of a negatively charged oil droplet attached to the negatively charged water-air interface from below is numerically studied for the first time by a three-dimensional numerical model in this paper. The effects of the mobile water-air interface and the mobile water-oil interface on the electrokinetic motion of the attached oil droplet are investigated and discussed in terms of the zeta potentials at the water-air interface and the oil droplet surface, the applied electric field, the dynamic viscosity ratio of oil to water, and the droplet radius. The results show that the negatively charged oil droplet attached to the negatively charged water-air interface from below moves in the opposite direction to that of the external electric field, and its moving velocity increases with the increase of the electric field strength, the magnitudes of the zeta potentials at both the water-air interface and the water-oil interface, and the droplet size, as well as the dynamic viscosity ratio of oil to water.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it