Gestational triphenyl phosphate exposure in C57Bl/6 mice perturbs expression of insulin‐like growth factor signaling genes in maternal and fetal liver
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is an organophosphorus flame retardant and plasticizer that has been added to numerous consumer products in recent years. TPhP is not overtly toxic, however recent studies have suggested that it may have metabolic disrupting effects following developmental exposure. The present study aimed to investigate the developmental and potential metabolic effects of TPhP in a murine model. C57Bl/6 dams were exposed on gestational days (GD) 8, 10, 12, and 14 to 0, 5, 25, or 50 mg/kg TPhP via intraperitoneal injection. Dams were euthanized on GD19, maternal organs excised and weighed, fetal measurements taken, and maternal and fetal livers retained for analysis. A significant increase in placenta size of TPhP exposed mice was found. Maternal and fetal liver gene expression of insulin-like growth factor (Igf) 1 and 2, as well as downstream genes involved in Igf signaling were measured. Additionally, Igf1 protein levels were measured in both maternal and fetal liver. A significant decrease in transcript levels of Igf1 and Irs2 was detected in maternal livers, whereas a significant increase in transcript levels of all genes measured was detected in fetal liver. A significant decrease in Igf1 protein levels was detected in maternal liver, however the increase in Igf1 protein levels in fetal livers was not found to be statistically significant. These results support previous findings that TPhP does not cause overt structural developmental toxicity. These data also support the hypothesis that TPhP could disrupt maternal and fetal metabolism, justifying the need for follow-up studies to investigate further.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it