The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility and Team Identification on Spectator Behavior in Major Junior Hockey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sport spectatorship is a predominant leisure activity for many individuals who invest considerable time, discretionary income, and emotional energy in their teams. As a result, spectators are becoming more discerning about different aspects of their fan experience and extending their awareness and evaluation of a team's efforts beyond the main sport spectacle. This study builds on previous research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in sport, which has found that spectators express their opinion of an organization's ethics and practices, such as their CSR programs, through their actions and spending. In order to understand the mechanism behind this, the current study examines the role of team identification as a potential mediator between spectators' perceptions of a Major Junior Hockey team's CSR initiatives and their patronage behaviors. The results show that team identification acts as a partial mediator between awareness and affective evaluation, and different types of patronage behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".