Determination of Lead (Pb2+) by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Based on [Ru(NH3)6]3+/Nafion Modified Electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chemically modified [Ru(NH3)6]3+ doped Nafion® thin film was fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass electrodes by using the drop-coating method to detect heavy metal ions of Pb(II) in de-ionized water analyte solution via anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). This study also determined the effect of varying the concentration of the mediator ([Ru(NH3)6]3+) on the detection of the said heavy metals. The redox mediator Ru(NH3)6]3+ used in the study was effectively incorporated and immobilized within the Nafion modified electrodes. Lead concentration in the electrolyte solution and the concentration of the redox mediator was varied to control the properties of the fabricated electrodes which utilized for heavy metal detection through ASV. The conducting properties of ITO electrodes were enhanced with the deposition of Nafion® attaining minimal interference. The stripping current peaks increased with the concentration of the heavy metal present in the solution as well as with the mediator concentration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".