Evaluation of optimal aquifer yield in Nantong City, China, under land subsidence constraints
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Because of land subsidence in Nantong City caused by aquifer pumping, studies have been undertaken using a 3D groundwater flow model linked to a 1D land subsidence model to optimize the rates and distribution of abstraction. Model results to the end of 2022 show that the current pumping regime will cause subsidence rates to exceed established control targets by over 40% locally. However, a radical redistribution of pumping wells including the greater use of shallower aquifers will potentially allow annual yields to be increased threefold to around 128 × 10 6 m 3 without exceeding those targets. The results of this work have important implications for the sustainable development of groundwater resources in Nantong City and demonstrate the considerable benefits of modelling for proactive aquifer management and protection against subsidence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".