Reduction of Chlorophyll in Cold‐Pressed Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>) Seed Oil by Ultrasonic Bleaching and Enhancement of Oxidative Stability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of ultrasonic bleaching on chlorophyll reduction and oxidative stability of cold‐pressed Cannabis sativa (hemp) seed oil is investigated using three different clays, Sepiolite, activated Bentonite, and an industrial clay. The chlorophyll content is significantly reduced (p < 0.05) from 56.3 μg g−1 in the untreated oil to 14.8 μg kg−1, 9.9 μg kg−1, and 7.8 μg kg−1 in oils treated with Sepiolite, activated Bentonite, and industrial clay, respectively. Oxidative stability is enhanced in all ultrasonically‐treated oils by a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in Peroxide Value (PV) with the highest reduction (97%) observed in the presence of industrial clay (PV = 0.11 mEq kg−1). A corresponding reduction in Conjugated Dienes (CD) is also found in the treated samples ranging from 0.073–0.095% compared to 0.102% for the control. During accelerated storage at 60 °C, increase in PVs and CDs are significantly (p < 0.05) slower for the ultrasonically treated oils in the presence of clays compared to the control. Accelerated storage at 40 °C shows that the PV is greater in hempseed oil bleached with Sepiolite clay compared to a combination of Sepiolite and ultrasonic bleaching. Based on these results it is evident that the rapid removal of chlorophyll from cold pressed hempseed oil is enhanced by a combination of bleaching clay and ultrasonic treatment. Practical Applications: Ultrasonic treatment of cold pressed hempseed oil combined with bleaching clays proves very effective in reducing chlorophyll content. The method is not only rapid and clean but requires significantly less bleaching clay. Hempseed oil treated in this way exhibits greater oxidative stability making it more attractive for industrial and consumer use. The results of ultrasonic bleaching suggest its potential for prolonging the shelf‐life. Utilizing the ultrasonic bleaching technique as an alternative to conventional bleaching would be beneficial to the edible oil industry. The results of ultrasonic bleaching prove effectiveness in reducing chlorophyll content in cold‐pressed hempseed oil and suggest its potential for prolonging the shelf‐life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".