Improving Space Based Snowfall Rate Retrievals with Refined Considerations of Snow Microstructure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
first_page settings Order Article Reprints Font Type: Arial Georgia Verdana Font Size: Aa Aa Aa Line Spacing: Column Width: Background: Open AccessAbstract Improving Space Based Snowfall Rate Retrievals with Refined Considerations of Snow Microstructure † by Farrukh Chishtie 1,*, David Hudak 2 and Peter Rodriguez 2 1 Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, SERVIR-Mekong, Bangkok 10400, Thailand 2 Cloud Physics and Extreme Weather Research, Environment and Climate Change Canada, King City, ON M3H 5T4, Canada * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. † Presented at Symmetry 2017—The First International Conference on Symmetry, Barcelona, Spain, 16–18 October 2017. Proceedings 2018, 2(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2010003 Published: 5 January 2018 (This article belongs to the Proceedings of The First International Conference on Symmetry) Download Download PDF Download PDF with Cover Download XML Versions Notes Launched in 2014 as a joint mission by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a key goal of the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) is to quantify when, where, and how much it rains or snows around the world. In contrast to rainfall measurements, whereby scattering theory works considerably better with the assumption of spherically symmetric hydrometeors, snowfall retrievals are complicated by the microstructure of the snowflakes. Though symmetric in many cases, snowflakes also possess complex shapes which makes microwave scattering and related snowfall rate retrievals relatively less accurate. In this poster presentation, the present GPM retrieval algorithm is presented which is contrasted with ground measurements conducted in the OLYMPEX ground validation experiment over the Olympic Mountains in the US in the winter of 2015–2016. This experiment is presented in detail and preliminary results show less than desirable accuracy when comparing GPM measurements with measured reflectivity on the ground. Given these considerations, this poster provides an overview of present approaches to improve these retrievals which include special and generalized considerations of the Rayleigh-Gans approximation. It is surmised that better considerations of snow microstructure have the potential of improving snowfall retrieval from space based sensors such as the GPM. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style Chishtie, F.; Hudak, D.; Rodriguez, P. Improving Space Based Snowfall Rate Retrievals with Refined Considerations of Snow Microstructure. Proceedings 2018, 2, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2010003 AMA Style Chishtie F, Hudak D, Rodriguez P. Improving Space Based Snowfall Rate Retrievals with Refined Considerations of Snow Microstructure. Proceedings. 2018; 2(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2010003 Chicago/Turabian Style Chishtie, Farrukh, David Hudak, and Peter Rodriguez. 2018. "Improving Space Based Snowfall Rate Retrievals with Refined Considerations of Snow Microstructure" Proceedings 2, no. 1: 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2010003 Find Other Styles Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here. Article Metrics No No Article Access Statistics Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".