Endocrinology of the menopause and hormone replacement therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A major endocrine function of the human ovary is the production of oestradiol, a hormone essential for the development of the secondary sex characteristics, for normal reproduction, and for the integrity of the cardiovascular, skeletal, and central nervous systems in particular. Oestradiol is a product of the granulosa cells, and hence its secretion is dependent largely on the presence of ovarian follicles. The number of those follicles falls steeply in the last 10 years or so of reproductive life (1), to approach zero at around the time of final menses (Fig. 10.1.2.1). This results in a profound decline in oestradiol production, to levels less than 10% of those observed during reproductive life. The question of whether the consequences of this decline are to be regarded as ‘natural,’ or as giving rise to a pathological state of oestrogen deficiency, is a controversial one. This chapter describes the endocrine changes which take place from the mid-reproductive years through to the postmenopausal years, and addresses the consequences of these changes and their possible prevention.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".