Retracted: Middle Miocene to Early Pliocene Contraction in the Chos Malal Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt (Neuquén Basin, Argentina): Insights From Structural Analysis and Apatite Fission‐Tracks Thermochronology
Post-publication record
Source: Retraction Watch, joined by DOI. OpenAlex records retraction as is_retracted, a boolean over a state space with at least four values, so it cannot express an expression of concern, a correction or a reinstatement; it reports them as false, which reads as “fine”.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the southern central Andes at 37–38°S latitude, the Chos Malal fold‐and‐thrust belt (FTB), which results from the Late Cretaceous closure of the Neuquén Basin, has generated increasing interest because of its potential for hydrocarbon exploration. Using detailed field mapping, seismic reflection and well data analysis, cross‐section balancing, and detrital apatite fission‐track thermochronology from 18 samples distributed along the FTB, we bring new quantitative constraints on the chronology of the Neogene structural development of the Chos Malal FTB. Our data set reveals that extensive tectonically driven exhumation through basement‐involved thrusting occurred at ~15–7 Ma in both the inner and outer sectors of the FTB. This age range is corroborated by indirect dating of the Chos Malal Formation, a syntectonic unit also deformed after deposition, which we find was deposited after 7.2 Ma ± 1.6/2.0 Ma, an age much younger than the Miocene age it was previously assigned. We document for the first time an early Pliocene rapid cooling stage that was ongoing ~5.5 to 5.1 Ma ago in the interior of the orogenic wedge, which we attribute to out‐of‐sequence thrusting along basement‐involved thrust faults bounding the Cordillera del Viento, driving the surface uplift of this prominent topographic feature. Finally, our sequential reconstruction of the thick‐ and thin‐skinned structures of the Chos Malal FTB shows that most of the horizontal shortening was accommodated after the middle Miocene, which we thus consider as being the main phase of orogenic building in this sector of the Andes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".