Burst Mode Optical Receiver With 10 ns Lock Time Based on Concurrent DC Offset and Timing Recovery Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes a low-power, low-latency, 7–10 Gb/s burst-mode DC-coupled receiver for photonic switch networks. The receiver includes a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) followed by a three-stage differential amplifier. For burst-mode operation, DC and timing recovery loops work concurrently in the proposed architecture to achieve 5.8 ns lock time. The DC recovery loop employs a successive approximation algorithm to recover signal-dependent offset that takes only six cycles of C8 (1/8th of data rate) clock. The timing recovery uses a quarter-rate injection scheme that is immune to duty cycle distortion. The recovered clock jitter is 10 ps p-p for 10 Gb/s operation. The receiver consumes only 33 mW while operating at 10 Gb/s, and less than 2 mW (leakage power and bias circuit) during idle time. The completely inductor-less receiver occupies a 465 μm×265 μm area in 0.13 μm technology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".