IL-1β enables CNS access to CCR2 <sup>hi</sup> monocytes and the generation of pathogenic cells through GM-CSF released by CNS endothelial cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease characterized by demyelinating plaques in the brain and spinal cord, causing progressive loss of functions. While the causes of MS remain undefined, treatments that target immune cells or their functions greatly improve the clinical outcome. Our laboratory has previously shown that production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β by myeloid cells is required for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an MS model. Here, we show that activation of central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells by IL-1β enables inflammatory monocytes to enter the CNS and differentiate into antigen-presenting cells. Additionally, we demonstrate that factors released from the interaction between IL-1β–producing myeloid cells and autoreactive CD4 + T cells are toxic to neurons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".