The Usual Suspects and Invisible Victims: Exploring Homeless Youths’ Experiences with Policing in Ottawa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is considerable research exploring the criminalization of homelessness in Canadian cities, yet scant research attention has been devoted to exploring homeless youths' experiences with police.This study prioritizes the experiences of homeless youth themselves, to examine how they make sense of and respond to policing in Ottawa.Using a phenomenological design, the study's analysis is informed by focus groups and walking interviews conducted with homeless youth between 16 and 25 who utilize services at a drop-in-center in Ottawa.The analysis revealed two findings.First, young people felt paradoxically over-controlled and under-served in their encounters with police because of their intersecting identities as young and homeless in the city.Second, when responding to their encounters young people resisted and accepted the disciplinary and regulatory practices attached to policing in the city.To make sense of their responses I draw upon the concepts of reflexive subjectivity, affect and symbolic violence.This study adds knowledge to how young people make sense of and respond to policing in their everyday lives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".