A passive transformer voltage-controlled oscillator with active inductor frequency tuning for ultra wideband applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a compromised design of LC tank VCOs that utilizes the superior phase noise of passive LC tank VCOs and the large frequency tuning range of active LC tank VCOs. The proposed VCO is a passive transformer LC VCO with active inductor frequency tuning. The large variation of the inductance of the active inductor connected to the secondary winding of the transformer results in a large frequency tuning range while the contribution of the noise of the active inductor is manipulated by varying the coupling of the transformer such that the phase noise and frequency tuning range of the proposed VCO can be made to fall between those of spiral LC VCOs and active VCOs. The VCO has been designed in IBM 130 nm 1.2V CMOS technology. The oscillator occupies 400µm×190µm and the total chip area including pads is 1 mm × 1 mm. The frequency tuning range of the oscillator is 6.5–10 GHz. The phase noise of the oscillator at 1 MHz frequency offset from its oscillation frequency 7.9 GHz is −100.5 dBc/Hz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".