Spectacular Opera Across Borders : Cantonese Opera Theaters in North America During the 1920s
Bibliographic record
Abstract
My recent-published study of the performance of Cantonese opera in the Chinatown communities of American urban centers—Vancouver, San Francisco, Boston, New York, Honolulu, Havana—uncovers a complex chapter of music and community. It effects a significant shift from the traditional focus of the North American music history on the transatlantic world to the Pacific world. The re-orienting of the angle of vision to the transnational, and particularly the Pacific, in music studies of North America marks this a project timely to the multivalent society of the 21st century. In this talk, I will discuss how the transnational connection allowed the mobility of capital, performers and performance practices across both obvious and hidden boundaries, steered by business partnerships and amorphous webs of family kinship. In particular, as primary entertainment in the Chinese community, Chinatown theaters in the 1920s were deeply woven into the financial, political, social and familial fabrics of Chinese communities in North America. In addition to daily performances at the theaters, the opera culture enhanced by print culture (playbills, newspaper, lyrics anthology) and listening culture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".