Hydrocracking of Athabasca VR Using NiO-WO<sub>3</sub> Zeolite-Based Catalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrocracking of Athabasca vacuum residue (AVR) was carried out in an autoclave using particle and fiber forms of NiO-WO 3 zeolite-supported catalyst. AVR hydrocracking was performed at 400 °C at low and high H 2 pressure of 70 and 365 psi, together with the corresponding control thermal cracking runs. The yield of the different products and the quality of the upgraded liquid was used to assess the catalyst performance. Similarity among energy consumption for the different samples suggested major thermal cracking endothermic reactions. In general, the catalytic runs provided better quality maltene product, whereas better quality product oil was only attained at high pressure. The catalytic runs at low H 2 pressure gave the highest yield of combined asphaltenes and toluene insolubles. This yield, on the other hand, was the lowest for the fiber form at high H 2 pressure. Simulated distillation results captured the superior performance of the fiber catalyst at high H 2 pressure and showed ∼50% conversion of the residue. On the other hand, the zeolite particles showed poor performance at high pressure with only ∼30% residue conversion.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".