Effects of a 12-week cardiovascular rehabilitation programme on systemic inflammation and traditional coronary artery disease risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (CARDIA trial): a randomised controlled trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Patients with systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) above the baseline risk attributable to traditional CVD risk factors seen in the general population. Exercise in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is designed specifically for high-risk primary prevention and those with established CVD. Even though the European League Against Rheumatism guidelines state that exercise is safe for individuals with RA and exercise can reduce CVD risk, patients with RA rarely participate in CR. Thus, little is known about CR's impact on inflammatory and CVD risk in the RA population. The purpose of this trial is to determine the feasibility of a 12-week CR programme for patients with RA and whether it decreases CVD risk without exacerbating RA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a randomised controlled trial whereby 60 participants with RA will be recruited and randomly assigned to either standard of care (SOC) treatment or SOC plus a 12-week CR programme (60 min of education plus two 60 min aerobic exercise sessions/week). Exercise will be performed at 60%-80% of heart rate reserve. Outcome measures (Framingham Risk Score, resting heart rate, blood pressure, blood lipids, markers of systemic inflammation (ie, interleukin (IL) 6 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Clinical Disease Assessment Index, Disease Activity Score-28, physical activity levels and peak cardiorespiratory fitness) will be assessed preintervention (week-0), postintervention (week-13) and 6 months postintervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was obtained from the Nova Scotia Health Authority Research Ethics Board. Results will be submitted for publication in an appropriate peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01534871; Pre-results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".