Harmonic impact of the large-scale conversion of public lighting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Latest generations of streetlights have been designed to support and integrate a number of features conducive to Smart Cities. LED streetlights now contain sensors, controls, wireless transmitters and microprocessors. These streetlights are gaining popularity and being deployed in large scale, eventually replacing all lighting throughout a city. The general conception is that electronic loads are harmonic sources, which can disturb the operation and supply of an electric utility. It is important for utilities to understand the true impact of this conversion program on the Power Quality. This paper studies the harmonic characteristics of LED streetlights on both individual and collective scales. On an individual level, the harmonic signature of several types of modern LED streetlights are collected and reported. On a collective level, a real case study of a large-scale deployment is studied. Real measurement data were collected during the streetlight conversion program in the city of Fort McMurray to analyze the impact on background harmonic voltage distortion. Results have shown it is unlikely LED streetlights will affect significantly the network voltage and current distortions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".